Treelife Resources

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released draft directions to regulate investments made by Regulated Entities (REs)—such as banks, NBFCs, and other financial institutions—into Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs). A key proposal is the introduction of exposure caps aimed at limiting interconnected risks within the financial system: A single regulated…

DOWNLOAD PDF In an increasingly interconnected global economy, startups and growing companies face the challenge of managing cross-border operations efficiently while complying with complex tax regulations. One critical area demanding attention is transfer pricing the pricing of transactions between related companies operating in different jurisdictions. This comprehensive guide demystifies transfer…

What is FEMA Compliance? Understanding FEMA and Its Purpose The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 is India’s cornerstone legislation for regulating and facilitating external trade, payments, and foreign exchange. Introduced to replace the restrictive FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act), FEMA focuses on promoting transparent and lawful dealings in foreign…

What Is Startup Equity? Definition and Concept of Equity in a Startup Startup equity refers to the ownership interest in a startup company, typically represented by shares or stock options. It signifies the portion of the company that is owned by an individual or entity, giving them a stake in…

Introduction to ESG Compliance in India What is ESG Compliance? Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) compliance refers to the set of standards that businesses must adhere to when assessing their impact on the environment, society, and corporate governance. ESG frameworks evaluate how well companies manage environmental risks, foster social responsibility,…

Indemnification Clause Meaning  An indemnification clause or indemnity clause serves as a contractual mechanism for mitigating and re-allocating risk between two parties, ensuring compensation for financial losses that may arise due to specific events outlined in an agreement. It acts as a legal safeguard, protecting one party from liabilities or…

READ FULL PDF Introduction: Navigating Early-Stage Funding in India The Indian startup ecosystem is a vibrant and rapidly evolving landscape, recognized globally as the third largest. For entrepreneurs navigating this environment, securing timely and appropriate funding is paramount, yet often challenging. Early-stage ventures, frequently characterized by innovative ideas but limited…

Introduction to Convertible Debentures What Are Convertible Debentures? Convertible debentures are financial instruments issued by companies that start as debt but offer the unique option to convert into equity shares after a specified period or under certain conditions. Essentially, they are hybrid securities combining the features of both debt and…

Introduction  A company’s transition from private to public ownership is marked by an Initial Public Offering (IPO), enabling it to raise capital for growth, debt repayment, or acquisitions. While an IPO offers greater visibility and access to funds, it also brings challenges such as regulatory scrutiny and increased shareholder expectations….

Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) offer a compelling form of employee compensation, allowing beneficiaries to enjoy an increase in the company’s valuation over time without the necessity to purchase or own actual shares. This predetermined timeframe for appreciation has seen SARs become increasingly popular in India as a viable alternative to…

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released draft directions to regulate investments made by Regulated Entities (REs)—such as banks, NBFCs, and other financial institutions—into Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs). A key proposal is the introduction of exposure caps aimed at limiting interconnected risks within the financial system: A single regulated…

The National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) has announced a significant change in the certification framework for Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) managers. Effective May 1, 2025, the existing unified NISM Series-XIX-C certification will be split into two distinct exams, tailored to the specific AIF categories: 1) NISM Series-XIX-D: Meant for…

The recent consultation paper by SEBI proposing changes to the co-investment framework for Category I & II intends to allow creation of a Co-Investment Vehicle (CIV), which would allow AIFs to offer co-investment opportunities to accredited investors in unlisted securities via a separate scheme under the AIF structure. Key Takeaways:…

The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has taken a significant step towards consolidating the Ancillary Services Framework (2021) and TechFin Framework (2022) into a single, unified framework. We summarize the key points to note in the draft IFSCA (TechFin and Ancillary Services) Regulations, 2025 below: 1) New Permissible Activities…

SEBI has extended the deadline for compliance with the certification requirement for the key investment team of AIF Managers. This extension now sets a revised deadline of July 31, 2025, providing additional time for AIFs to fulfill the NISM certification requirement, initially due by May 9, 2025. Impact on Existing…