Treelife Resources

A bonus issue converts a company’s accumulated reserves into paid-up share capital and hands the additional shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their holding, without asking them to pay a rupee. Section 63 of the Companies Act, 2013 is the only provision that governs this for Indian companies, and…

Every change to a company’s board, whether a new appointment, a resignation, or a designation change, has to be reported to the Registrar of Companies within 30 days. The company does this through Form DIR-12 under Section 170 of the Companies Act, 2013. A resigning director has a separate, optional…

A holding company structure lets a promoter group consolidate ownership of several operating businesses under one entity, ring-fence liability, and present a single cap table to investors. In India, this structure sits at the intersection of three separate regimes: the Companies Act, 2013, which limits how many layers of subsidiaries…

Form PAS-6 is the half-yearly Reconciliation of Share Capital Audit Report that reconciles a company’s internal share register with the securities actually held in dematerialised form at NSDL and CDSL. It applies to every unlisted public company under Rule 9A and, since 2023, to every private company that is not…

A company that reduces its share capital under section 66 of the Companies Act, 2013 is permanently cutting down its issued, subscribed or paid-up capital, and it cannot do this on a board decision alone. It needs a special resolution passed by three-fourths of the votes cast, and it needs…

Every change to a company’s board, whether a new appointment, a resignation, or a designation change, has to be reported to the Registrar of Companies within 30 days. The company does this through Form DIR-12 under Section 170 of the Companies Act, 2013. A resigning director has a separate, optional…

A holding company structure lets a promoter group consolidate ownership of several operating businesses under one entity, ring-fence liability, and present a single cap table to investors. In India, this structure sits at the intersection of three separate regimes: the Companies Act, 2013, which limits how many layers of subsidiaries…

A company that reduces its share capital under section 66 of the Companies Act, 2013 is permanently cutting down its issued, subscribed or paid-up capital, and it cannot do this on a board decision alone. It needs a special resolution passed by three-fourths of the votes cast, and it needs…

Authorised share capital is the ceiling on how many shares a company is legally permitted to issue, and it is fixed at incorporation, usually at a low figure such as ₹1 lakh or ₹10 lakh. Every funding round, ESOP pool, bonus issue or debt to equity conversion that pushes total…

Once a company has confirmed it is covered under Section 135 and has a CSR budget to deploy, two checks decide whether that spend actually counts. First, does the implementing agency hold a CSR Registration Number under Form CSR-1 that remains valid under the tightened eligibility test introduced in July…

SEBI issued its updated Master Circular for Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) on 03 June 2026, consolidating every circular, clarification, and regulatory change issued under the SEBI (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012 up to 31 May 2026. The document runs 153 pages across 25 chapters and supersedes the previous Master Circular…

The Reserve Bank of India held its benchmark repo rate steady at 5.25% at the June 2026 Monetary Policy Committee meeting, unanimously, under Governor Sanjay Malhotra. This is the third meeting in a row that the rate has stayed put, following a run of 150 basis point cuts between February…

India’s Cabinet approved an amendment to Press Note 3 (PN3) of 2020 in March 2026, and it is generating significant attention across the investment and startup community. Headlines have rushed to label it a sweeping FDI liberalisation. The reality is considerably more targeted. This report breaks down exactly what changed,…

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently announced a major overhaul to the regulatory framework for Angel Funds under the Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) Regulations, 2012. This new framework, introduced in 2025, aims to enhance transparency, improve operational clarity, and encourage investor participation. In this article, we’ll explore…

In a significant move to invigorate India’s startup ecosystem, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), during its board meeting on June 19, 2025, approved substantial changes to the Angel Fund Framework. These revisions are designed to unlock more capital for early-stage companies while simultaneously ensuring enhanced investor suitability…