Treelife Resources

Closing a company in India is not just filing Form STK-2 with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). The ROC strike-off is the final step in a chain of statutory closures that spans five or more regulatory bodies, each with its own forms, portals, timelines, and inspection requirements. Get the sequence…

Converting a partnership firm to a private limited company is one of the most consequential structural decisions a founder will make. It changes how you are taxed, how liability flows, how investors look at you, and what governance you owe to regulators. The conversion route under Section 366 of the…

In India, the enforceability of non-compete clauses is primarily governed by Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, which states that any agreement restraining an individual from practicing a lawful profession, trade, or business is void. Consequently, non-compete clauses extending beyond the term of employment are generally unenforceable. However,…

Introduction ESG used to be something listed enterprises stuck into their annual reports. In 2026, that’s no longer true. ESG compliance in India is now relevant across the board for large listed companies navigating SEBI’s BRSR Core requirements, for growth-stage startups managing their first institutional round, and for foreign companies…

Under the Companies Act, 2013 in India, directors hold significant responsibilities and can be held personally liable for any acts of negligence, fraud, or breach of duty. Liabilities of directors may arise in cases involving misstatements in prospectuses, failure to exercise due diligence, or non-compliance with statutory provisions. Civil and…

Closing a company in India is not just filing Form STK-2 with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). The ROC strike-off is the final step in a chain of statutory closures that spans five or more regulatory bodies, each with its own forms, portals, timelines, and inspection requirements. Get the sequence…

In India, the enforceability of non-compete clauses is primarily governed by Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, which states that any agreement restraining an individual from practicing a lawful profession, trade, or business is void. Consequently, non-compete clauses extending beyond the term of employment are generally unenforceable. However,…

A contract of indemnity is the foundational risk-transfer tool in Indian commercial law. Under Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, one party promises to save the other from loss caused by the promisor’s own conduct or the conduct of any third person. Every well-negotiated SHA, M&A agreement, insurance…

Understanding trademark classification in India is essential before filing any trademark application. The NICE Classification system divides all goods and services into 45 distinct classes: Classes 1 to 34 cover goods and Classes 35 to 45 cover services. Selecting the correct class determines the scope of your protection and your…

The co-founder agreement is the easy part. The hard part is making sure the AOA, the shareholders’ agreement, and the cap table can actually deliver the outcome the agreement promises, particularly when a co-founder leaves. A co-founder equity structure India founders often inherit from templates or peer advice tends to…

India’s Cabinet approved an amendment to Press Note 3 (PN3) of 2020 in March 2026, and it is generating significant attention across the investment and startup community. Headlines have rushed to label it a sweeping FDI liberalisation. The reality is considerably more targeted. This report breaks down exactly what changed,…

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently announced a major overhaul to the regulatory framework for Angel Funds under the Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) Regulations, 2012. This new framework, introduced in 2025, aims to enhance transparency, improve operational clarity, and encourage investor participation. In this article, we’ll explore…

In a significant move to invigorate India’s startup ecosystem, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), during its board meeting on June 19, 2025, approved substantial changes to the Angel Fund Framework. These revisions are designed to unlock more capital for early-stage companies while simultaneously ensuring enhanced investor suitability…

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has officially unveiled revised certification requirements for key investment personnel of Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) managers. This crucial update, detailed in SEBI circular F. No. SEBI/LAD-NRO/GN/2025/249 dated June 25, 2025, aims to enhance professional standards and ensure a higher level of expertise…

In a significant stride towards enhancing the appeal and accessibility of India’s International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) at GIFT City, the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has approved a groundbreaking “Platform Play” model for Fund Management Entities (FMEs). This pivotal decision was made during the 24th IFSCA Authority Meeting…